2ndyr-B1 ANATOMY: imp questions

 ANATOMY 

BLOCK-1

IMPORTANT QUESTIONS

GROSS ANATOMY
 ABDOMEN

 part 1:

• Layers of anterior abdomen wall and its nerves, arteries, veins

• Sup. And deep fascia and attachments.

• Muscles: Obliques, transversus, rectus, pyrimadalis, learn all the contents of table attachments, nerve supply, action etc.

• ***Rectus sheath...v.imp...its formation at 3 levels...also learn a simple diagram of it.

• Visceroptosis* dont skip ,ma'am asks in substage and viva also

• Ant abdomen Wall nerves, arteries, veins

• Caval obstruction, caput medusae

• ***Ant abdomen wall lymphatics

• ***Inguinal canal,wall and contents

• Spermatic cord and contents 

• ***spermatic cord coverings.....how 3 layers of spermatic fascia is formed

• ***SCROTUM WALL

• Varicocele, tapping a hydrocele

• Post abdomen wall, psoas fascia tuberculosis

• Meckel's diverticulum

• Common types of abdomenal hernias...9 types kay names

• Indirect and direct inguinal hernial diff.

• Inguinal and femoral hernia diff.

• Incisions...all of them...know the location and procedure of each incision

• ***PARACENTESIS of abdomen cavity...in midline and laterally....also fig 6.44

Peritoneum

•  from BD...regions, intra and retroperitoneal organs, lesser and greater omentum, lesser sac, epiploic foramen, saggital and horizontal tracing, colic gutters, Recesses, subphrenic spaces  

• Greater omentum is the policeman of abdomen

ABDOMEN PART 2:

• Abdomen part 2 mein (esophagus, stomach,duodenum,jejunum,ileum, ascending & descending colon,cecum,appendix,transverse & sigmoid colon,liver,gallbladder, pancreas, kidney,spleen) sabki blood,nerve supply and lymph drainage must do it

In addition to that:

• Esophagus, its 3 narrow sites, all its clinicals.ESOPHAGEAL varices are v.v.imp.

• STOMACH whole is imp. ESPECIALLY arterial supply and lymph drainage from bd and diagram from google.**a must question,  also *TROISIERS SIGN

• Nasogastric intubation 

• Duodenum...relations are imp...especially 2nd part.

• Jejunum ileum difference 

• Cecum relation

• Appendix positions

• Transverse colon relations

• Appendicitis pain, volvulus, intussusception

• GIT ARTERIAL SUPPLY,VEINS 

• ***Porto systemic anastomoses

• ***Portal vein...formation and tributaries...make a flowchart

• Liver...relations and  peritoneal ligaments

• Billiary tree, biliary colic

• Pancreas relations and ducts

• Spleen relations***v.imp

• Kidney coverings *

• Both Kidney relations with diagrams****must question

• Ureter, blood supply, relations of both ureters, most importantly COURSE OF URETER...from next chapter

• Suprarenal glands...blood supply

• Do the FLOWCHARTS OF ARTERIES AND VEINS OF POST ABD WALL  many times....use atlas for visualization. they should be on your finger tips...these flowcharts also cover your GIT blood supply topic.

• Post abdomen wall lymphatics 

• Lumbar plexus...just know to draw...ma'am kiran sometimes ask in viva and may give in block exam 

PELVIS:

Pelvis 1

pelvix brim

False pelvis 

True PELVIS: inlet,outlet,cavity 

Pelvic wall muscles table

Pelvic Diaphragm v.v.vimp

(Our prof question) with diagram

Male and female pelvis difference...v.imp for viva+exam

Just learn Names of types of female PELVIS 

pelvic floor 

Pelvic arteries :just do all the names of all the branches

PELVIS 2

Sigmoid colon: relations,bloodsupply,nerve supply

Rectum: relations and blood supply

Ureter** male and female and course+constrictions is v.imp

Bladder relations in male and female v.imp

Bladder nerve supply.....v.v.imp

Difficulty with Micturition after spinal cord injury. HAVE A CLEAR CONCEPT, its really imp for physio also.

Do blood and nerve supply of all the male and female pelvic organs

Ovary: ligaments 

Uterine Positions***

Uterine supports...v.imp 

Do from BD chaurasia

Uterine prolapse

Vaginal prolapse.

Broad ligament ans its contents....imp

PERINEUM

Anal triangle boundaries

Anal canal...upper and lower half difference...***v.v.imp

Anal canal relations 

ANAL SPHINCTERS: external sphincter ..do from table and diagram also

Ischioanal fossa: v.v.vimp contents and boundaries 

Internal and external haemorrhoids, positions also

Anal fissures

Abscesses

Urogenital triangle 

Boundaries contents 

Superficial and deep perineal space: boundaries+contents

EMBRYO 

- Gut tube & body cavity -tube on tube and formation of body cavity to be read and concept grip
 - Ventral body wall defects* do all - Diaphragm formation v.imp+diagrams and diaphragmatic hernia 

-Axial skeleton

-Do fontanelles in newborn skull

 -Cranioschisis and craniosynostosis (Scapho, brachy and plagiocephaly) 

-Dysplasias 

Digestive system (V.imp) -Mesenteries, esophagus, liver, gallbladder* -Stomach and duodenum....v.imp 

-Pancreas is v.v.v.imp

-Midgut rotation, herniation and retraction (1 out of 3 is must Q in block+proff) -Hindgut is imp (artery vise and for blocks) 

-Don't leave any clinical in whole chapter (annular pancreas is very imp) 

Urogenital system (1) 

-Urinary system full is imp...don't skip anything
-In clinicals (Wilms tumor, potter sequence double ureter, abnormal loc. of kidney Bladder defects) 

Urogenital system (2) 

-Genital system (3rd block topic, but if they teach u in 1st block, then ask me)

HISTOLOGY

Lip:  Vermillion zone and its epithelium

Tongue:  all papillae and epithelium 

Oesophagus: difference between  3 parts

Stomach all layer names:  and their features

All the cells of gastric glands:  name, shape, function, all features

Small intestine and large intestine cells: (better in table form from junquiera)

Large and small intestine difference very imp

Parotid and pancreas difference

Difference Between 3 types of salivary gland make a table

All acini of liver v.v.imp

tip: make a table of epithelium in which all the epitheliums are written, it will make it easy to revise. :)

=Thanking our senior for her meaningful guidance 💗

Contribution by: Zainab tasawar (3rd year)
edited by: Aiza Anwar ( publishing director)