1styr-Anatomy B3 Imp questions

Anatomy block 3 
thorax -imp quesions

 Embryology

Heart is very important for prof  so do it well.

Derivatives of primary heart field and secondary heart field

Formation of the cardiac loop, dextrocardia, situs inversus

Development of Sinus Venosus (v. imp, viva + theory question)

Common atrial septum formation (v. imp, viva + theory question )

Just read formation of ventricular septum, cardiac septa, left atrium and pulmonary vein, septum formation in truncus arteriosus to get an idea.

Heart defects are important, ventricular inversion, ostium secundum defect, ostium primum defect, Ebstein anomaly, Tricuspid atresia, Tetralogy of Fallot (V. imp), transposition of great vessels, valvular stenosis, ectopia cordis, coarctation of the aorta (preductal and post ductal), double aortic arch

Development of aortic arches ( complete with table v.v. imp)

Formation of Vitelline, Umbilical and Cardinal Veins (Development of Superior and inferior vena cava - can be asked in viva also)

Fetal circulation, circulatory changes after birth (v. imp as well). Do fetal circulation from KLM if you can.

Formation of lung buds, tracheoesophageal fistula, formation of larynx, trachea, bronchi, maturation of lungs.

Histology

Respiratory epithelium, Olfactory epithelium and its cells, Trachea, bronchi and their epithelium, difference between terminal bronchioles and respiratory bronchioles,what are club cells, types of cells in alveoli, what is blood air barrier, pleural membrane and its nerve supply, layers of blood vessels ( tunica intima, media, adventitia, vasa vasorum), elastic arteries, muscular arteries and histological differences between them ( do all the imp tables from Junqueira) capillaries, types of capillaries, small, medium and large veins, all important diagrams. 

Gross Anatomy

Thoracic openings (superior and inferior thoracic aperture),intercostal muscle layers, attachment, nerve supply.

7 Structures in intercostal spaces

Origin, insertion, nerve supply and action of Diaphragm

diaphragmatic openings v imp

Branches of internal thoracic artery, intercostal arteries.

Contents, boundaries of mediastinum

recesses of pleura

Pneumothorax

Define bronchopulmonary segments

Pericardial sinuses

Fetal remnants of heart

Openings in right atrium

blood supply of heart, all coronary arteries are very very imp, venous drainage of heart

Azygos and hemi azygos vein

Nerve and blood supply of oesophagus

P.s: sorry for the delay guys, you guys had to wait for super long this time, but the schedule has been crazy for us to get postings done any time soon, but dont worry we gotcha covered!!!

biochemistry and physiology will be posted on weekend InshAllah. best of luck!! <3

thanking our contributor for his last moment help!!

contributed by: Muhammad Imad naeem (2nd year)
edited by: Aiza Anwar