2ndyr- B3 Physiology

 BLOCK 3 GUIDE PHYSIOLOGY 
(Prof and Pre prof guide)

Eye-optics of vision

v.imp chapter

Start the chapter from eye as a camera 

•Reduced eye- short Q+viva+mcq

 Topics you must do are: 

•Accomodation

•Presbyopia

•Errors of refraction

•visual acuity

•Astigmatism

•Formation of Intraocular fluid

•Glaucoma

(Tip: if you want a permanent grasp on errors of ref, figure 6 is great help...fig 49-6 or whatever chapter# it is in your book)

 EYE II, function of retina 

•Layers of retina 

•Its foveal region

•Differences between rods and cones...(internet or slides)

•Retinal detachment

•Visual cycle on fingertips with flowchart

•Vitamin A role and night blindness

•How a rod gets excited? Question maybe asked like what happens when light strikes an eye receptor?

•"Excitation Cascade"...v.v.v. imp

• Light and dark adaptation you can say is the key question of whole eye

•There are 3 methods of dark light adaptation-1 is pupil diameter, 1 is neural and third I can't remember... but i have it on my book when I will get back to hostel i'll check and tell you.

•Just read the "neural function of retina" or do it from slides 

•Lateral inhibition is viva fav question

 EYE III 

We were taught 2-3 topics from it...so its wise if you do just that and don't waste time on non-imp topics

•Fixation movements

•mechanism of locking fixation

•Saccadic and pursuit movements

•Strabismus

•Pupillary light reflex

•Pupillary reflex in Cns disease

•Horner syndrome**

Sense of hearing 

•Impedance matching*** 

•Attenuation reflex

these Q save you in exams and viva v.easy and v.imp

Coclea...all of it...

Question: which frequency stimulates the base of basilar membrane?

•Organ of corti***

Every part of it: excitation of hair cells, auditory signals, Hair cell receptor potential

•How does our ear determine loudness of a sound and change in loudness?*

•Nerve and conductive deafness

Definitions and examples

Taste and smell

•Taste blindness

•Transmission of taste signals to cns 

•stimulation of olfactory cells, just read as a precaution...

•**transmission of Olfactory signals to cns

•*Olfactory areas locations

thanking our senior for her forever timely guidance and utmost support! <3

contributed by: Zainab tasawar (3rd year)
edited by: Aiza Anwar (Publishing director)